Stress coping model Historical Intergenerational Trauma Substance abuse Coping Stress Socio-cultural influences CULTURAL BUFFERS Cultural identity Ethnic pride Family-Whanau systems Socio- Environmental Influences Alcohol & or Dug abuse Socio-Economic Influences By Walters, K & Simoni, 2002) If genes respond to the environment what indicators does that have for Indigenous peoples who have been subjected to various forms of violence over generations?.“Epigenetic research has discovered that at a cellular level, stress from one generation can be carried to the next generation (Walters, K, 2012).
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Subjecting Tangata Whenua to becoming paupers on their land in direct violation of Te Tiriti 1840.Removed traditional teachings, tikanga & protocols Intergenerational impact & Transference- across generations.Governor Sovereignty Customary Native title Rights of British people Tangata Whenua Worldview Shared Space Tangata Tiriti Worldview Te Tiriti O Waitangi 1840 –foundation: He Whakaputanga 1835 Lands designated for Maori Trade & technology Customs, beliefs, culture Land & resources
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Trauma definition “Defined as a series of events perpetrated on a group of people and their environment with intent to systematically eradicate them " (Walters, K, 2012). He KakanoAhauhistorical intergenerational trauma and transformative pedagogies (Full version) By Rawiri Waretini-Karena PhD Candidate: Te Whare Wananga o Awanui-ā-rangi